Maldives and Sustainable Development. Understanding and Developing the Essay

Maldives and Sustainable Development. Understanding and Developing the Role of Tourism in the Economy of Maldives - Essay Example This paper examines the role of tourism in the economy of Maldives in order to recommend specific programs that promote sustainable development. In this light, this paper begins with a general overview of Maldives by emphasizing on its geographical features, and the unique culture of the Maldivian people. After this, an intensive look at the economy of Maldives is done by crucially studying its top three sectors: tourism, construction, and fisheries. Then, the discussion is narrowed down on tourism by having an in-depth look at current tourism statistics, current market segments, and major products and services. This part is closely linked at an analysis of the positive and negative impacts of tourism on the economy and environment of Maldives. This paper concludes with a presentation of specific programs that can be used to promote sustainable development in Maldives. The Republic of Maldives is an archipelago that is consisted of 26 coral atolls, located in the northern Indian Ocean. It is comprised of 1,190 islands, and 200 from which are inhabited (Maldives Marketing & Public Relations Corporation, 2009). Its capital island is called Male’. Its climate is warm and tropical, and seasonal changes are determined by the two yearly monsoons—the northeast monsoon and the southwest monsoon (Corporate Travels and Tours, 2011). The Maldives has a population of approximately 350,000. Its type of government is Independent Republic, while its primary religion is Islam. The currency used in this country is Rufiyaa (1 USD = MRF 15.42). B. People and Culture The culture in the Maldives is tightly linked with the geographical features of the country. As claimed by Red Dot (2009), the physical features of the Maldivian people differ from one atoll to the other, attributing to the genes passed on by South and Southeast Asians, Africans, and Arabs. It can be said that this racial mix has also marked the differences in the Maldivian people’s language, beliefs, and sub-cultures (Countries and their Culture, 2012). The mixing of cultures is evident in the Maldivian arts and craftsmanship. For one, the musical instrument used by Maldivian people called bodu-beru (big drum) resembles that of common African drums. Also, the dhoni is a unique Maldivian sailboat that has an overall design similar to the dow of Arabian countries. Last, the fine artistry behind the wooden beams in Maldivian antique mosques can be attributed to the architecture in Southeast Asian countries. Maldivians are known for their adaptation skills and positive outlook in life. They are generally cheerful, welcoming, and hospitable. In terms of their belief system, Maldivians still appreciate the upholding of unity and oneness in faith, but modernism has delivered a whole new culture with new sets of ideas and attitudes to the people. II. Maldives: Economy According to United States Virtual Presence Post or USVPP (2012), the economy of Maldives is based primarily on tourism and fishing. However, the other key sectors of Maldivian economy are construction, distribution, telecommunications, shipping, aviation, and banking support. A. Background on Economy The Maldives has achieved substantial economic growth over the last several decades (USVPP, 2012). In 2009, the country attained the highest GDP at around $1.3 billion, which is about $4,300 per capita. Tourism, the primary contributor of GDP, remained relatively strong due to the increase in tourist visits as evidenced by the growth in total bed-nights (The World Bank, 2011). However, it was also in 2009 when Maldivian economy shrank by 4 percent. Indeed, as USVPP (2012) further asserted, the fall in tourist arrivals, external financial, and product exports were all contributed by the global economic crisis that severely hit the country during that year As

Inadequate Compensation Essay Example for Free

Inadequate Compensation Essay Compensation for most positions is far below the market average for our region, no annual increases in the last 4 years. Salary.coms survey results show that inadequate compensation is by far the number one reason that dissatisfied employees want to leave their job. It has been proven time and again that fair pay practices benefit not only the employee, but also the employer (by reducing unwanted and unanticipated turnover costs). Employees who are paid competitively, relative to their specific market, are generally much happier. One way to find out if you are being paid what you are worth is to use Salary.coms salary negotiation tool, the Personal Salary Report. The Personal Salary Report will help you determine your value based on job title, industry, geography, company size, education, experience, and other personal factors. #2 Inadequate Opportunities for Career Advancement Percent Responding: 37.3% My boss has dangled the carrot for a year. Opportunity for career advancement is a major factor in retaining employees and keeping them happy. 37.3% of dissatisfied employees cited inadequate opportunities for career advancement as the reason they want to quit. Empty promises by upper management, such as promotions that dont pan out, have led many employees to give up on moving up the corporate ladder at their particular company. #3 Insufficient Recognition or Appreciation Percent Responding: 34.2% There is no recognition of my creative talent, training, or skills. The three major portions of an employees total rewards package are compensation, benefits, and the work experience. The work experience includes things like company culture, dress code, and how employees are recognized and appreciated for individual contributions and accomplishments. The fact that 34.2% of dissatisfied employees are disgruntled because of insufficient recognition or appreciation shows the importance of elements of the work experience, such as employee recognition programs. This proves that rewarding top performers with cash or gift certificates, or even just a pat on the back, goes a long way toward improving employee retention rates. #4 Boredom Percent Responding: 20.1% My job duties have gone from being challenging to boring. 20.1% of dissatisfied employees are unhappy because of boredom. There is only so much socializing with coworkers, surfing the Internet, or simply spacing out that an employee can do before its time to find a new job. The July 2005 AOL/Salary.com study on Wasted Time At Work revealed that the average American worker admitted to frittering away 2.09 hours per 8-hour workday, not including lunch and scheduled break-time. However, employees expressed that they are not always to blame for this wasted time. 33.2% of respondents cited lack of work as their biggest reason for wasting time. #5 Inadequate Benefits Percent Responding: 16.9% The insurance premiums I pay cut deep into my paycheck. Results recently released from Salary.coms 2005 Small Business Basic Medical Coverage Survey show that nearly 90% of small businesses are paying more this year than last year for basic medical insurance for their employees. And these soaring healthcare costs are forcing small businesses, in many instances, to adopt measures that lower employee take-home pay. This has spurred some employees to start looking for work elsewhere, perhaps at companies offering more generous employer contributions towards the cost of basic medical coverage. Use the Benefits Tab of the Salary Wizard ® Calculator to see how your benefits stack up. #6 Inadequate Opportunities for Professional Development Percent Responding: 15.3% Im probably too experienced and educated for this organization. 15.3% of dissatisfied employees feel as if they have reached the pinnacle of their professional development at the company at which they are currently employed. Whether they are leaving to further their education, start their own business, or find a job that promises more professional growth, opportunity for professional development proves to be an important factor in retaining and satisfying employees. #7 Insufficient Job Security Percent Responding: 11.8% My job is being outsourced to Mexico and Asia. Insufficient job security is a result of a variety of different factors, including outsourcing, industry decline, lack of profits, competitive threats, and rumors that the company may be sold. The survey results indicated that many employees are searching for new jobs in response to the fact, or rumor, that their company or job is going under. Many of the 11.8% of respondents who cited insufficient job security as their top reason for leaving lack confidence in upper managements ability to save the company. #8 Undesirable Impact on Health or Stress Level Percent Responding: 10.5% This is bad for my health- my knees are hurting due to 12 hour shifts. Many employees are working long, hard hours and are finally realizing the effect that their job is having on their overall health and stress level. Some of these employees are opting to leave the workforce entirely, while others are in search of a job that wont give them an ulcer. #9 Poor Relations with Management Percent Responding: 10% Management is incompetent, clueless, overcompensated, abusive, hostile and predatory. Bosses everywhere, beware! Your employees are watching you and may leave because of your behavior. Even though poor relations with management ranked as the ninth most common reason unhappy employees want to leave their job, employees who dislike their boss provided us with some particularly entertaining feedback: Upper management has no spine, they are jellyfish. My boss has a diagnosed mental condition, but doesnt take his medication. My employer wants to disregard regulations and laws in order to meet company goals. My direct employer is sexist, tyrannical, and engages in extreme favoritism, cronyism, and nepotism. #10 Undesirable Commute Percent Responding: 9% My cost of gas versus my hourly income equals my net pay. Rising gas prices have become an effective pay cut for Americas commuters, and many are starting to think about leaving their job for something closer to home. Assuming that individual and company goals are met, employees can expect a salary increase of about 3.7% this year. They can also expect to pour 3.3% of their salary down the gas tank, virtually wiping out that increase. In fact, while salaries are rising 3.7% year over year, commuting costs have risen 50% in the last year.

Free Essays - All Quiet on the Western Front :: All Quiet on the Western Front Essays

Paul Bäumer Paul told the story of the war as it happened to him. The reader is taken from the front line, to a catholic hospital, to his home while he is away on leave. His story tells of the sacrifice the soldiers gave defending their country. It also tells of the difficulties of losing friends, killing another man, and going day after day without much, if any, sleep. He died in October of 1918, just before the war ended. His death was described as this, "...his face had an expression of calm, as though almost glad the end had come." Stanislaus Katczinsky Katczinsky, or "Kat" as he is referred to, is the leader of this group of men. He is the oldest at the age of forty, and also the wisest. His opinion was always taken and his orders were followed. Paul also believe Kat to have a sixth sense. He was able to find anything that was needed in places where no one else could. Once he went out to "explore," then came back over an hour later with bread and meat for dinner. Albert Kropp Albert was one of the students that enlisted at the same time as Paul. He was also a close friend of Paul's. So close that after both had been wounded and were on a train home, when Albert became sick and was scheduled to be taken off at the next stop, Paul went off with him. After this stop they were sent to a hospital to be treated for their wounds. Paul after a few weeks ended up healing fine, the opposite was true for Albert. An infection spread through his leg leading for the need for it to be amputated at the thigh. When Paul returned to the war these two friends parted, never to see each other again. Josef Behm Josef Behm was described as a plump fellow who, at first, did not want to join the war efforts. Later, after being called a coward, he was convinced by his schoolmaster and fellow students to join the army. He was the first of his schoolmates to be killed in action. Detering Detering was a man who mainly kept to himself. He is described as a peasant who thinks of no more than his farmland and his wife. On the way back from the front line he saw a cherry tree with white blossoms.

The basis is the desire to achieve purity of views on life

Primitivism is one of the greatest events in European Art, which appeared in the beginning of XX century as a result of interest of professional artists to traditional creative works of nations of Africa, America and Oceania, to city and peasant folks and to children creative works as well.The basis is the desire to achieve purity of views on life, which is the feature of consciousness, unspoilt by civilization. Besides the fact that primitivism was one of the leading art tendency of are in XX century, it determined stylistics of many different directions (such as expressionism, surrealism, etc) and became the integral part of their language of expression.The very term â€Å"primitivism† is also used in respect of so-called naà ¯ve art, it means to creative works of artists, who didn’t receive proper education, but who became participants of common art process (for example, French painter Henri Rousseau, Yugoslavian painter Ivan Generalich, etc).The main characteristic s of this art can be formulated by following words: â€Å"freshness and spontaneity of perception and creation†¦ real and non-affected naivety, life-asserting optimism and colorful folk, spontaneous pleasure of â€Å"amazement† and perception of environment, naturalness and organic of realism, possessing not only visibility but the essence of subject and event†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Ostrovskiy, â€Å"About City Art Folk† – Soviet Fine Art’74, M., 1975, pp. 308-309).The main characteristic of primitivism is program simplifying of art. To crystallize, to clear the emotion you can also by way of simplification, some kind of idealization of subjects. Henri Russeau exhibited his paintings together with other impressionists.The naà ¯ve, childish judgment helps to clear up the final essence, to take away details which make the things more difficult and revulsive.This sincere impulse which is common to folk art receives art importance and status of the modern crea tive method. We need to add that primitivism helped to combine new art directions with folk traditions (outrage of clear color, figuration and ornaments) and with children painting, which is so dear to the heart of any person (paintings of P. Klee and some other German expressionists).Still, to tell the truth, approach of primitivism to masses is quite phantom in many respects: even folk art nowadays seems to consist of two layers: professional sees it in a different way. In fact, primitivism (especially one which approaches to children painting) is stylistic masking of expressionism.For example, paintings of genius Austrian expressionist Oscar Kokotka remind folk pictures only for specialists. M. Shagal has significantly simplified images of bourgeois which are closer to symbolism. The elevated style of his paintings show contrast with so-called illusive reality of provincial town because of his sketchiness of the painting.

Paths of Glory vs All Quiet on the Western Front Essay

â€Å"Paths of Glory† and â€Å"All Quiet on the Western Front† are two different stories about the 1st world war. They are similar and different in their own ways. Many children born in North America usually grow up seeing war movies from the America’s point of view. This is different in Paths of Glory and All Quiet on the Western Front. These films/novels display how European countries fought this war, whether it was good or bad. They display both sides of WWI, and when compared can show differences AND similarities. Here are their differences. A thorough look at these two stories can uncover many differences, but the main ones would be the point of view being French and German; a soldiers perspective and an officers perspective; and the outcomes of each side. Paths of Glory(POG) displays France’s view of the war while All Quiet on the Western Front(AQWF) displays Germany’s view of the war. The story AQWF is about German soldiers’ take on the war. It relates more to young readers lives and the struggles of young soldiers in a war. POG on the other hand, targets the officers as the main point of view in the war. It displays the corruption and the loyalty of officers. In POG the French have the upper hand on the Germans in the war and don’t seem to ever be drastically losing, while in AQWF, there is death everywhere and it ends with all of the main characters dying and Germany losing the war. All these things display the differences between these two epic war stories, but there are some similarities. All Quiet on the Western Front and Paths of Glory have very similar main characters, in which the characters both make the same astonishing discoveries. The characters in both cases realize that the real enemy in the war is not the country they are fighting against, but the leaders of their own military. This is much more relevant in the movie, POG, when it shows General Mireau ordering fire on his own troops. However, the theme is still in AQWF. Evidence of this is how Corporal Himmelstoss makes the men’s lives miserable, making them do petty things such as saluting drills. Within the novel the protagonists discover that the men they are against are not much different than themselves. Moreover, this is extremely evident with Paul, the narrator of AQWF, who spends a night in a shell hole with a Frenchman who is dying right beside Paul. Both the novel and the film show the bad living conditions, although the novel is from the German viewpoint and the film, from the French viewpoint. There are many other differences in the plots of the two stories. Similarities and differences are evident throughout All Quiet on the Western Front and Paths of Glory. The differences being the outcomes of each side, the points of view between the two countries and the points of view between officers and soldiers. The similarities of course being the corruption, the living conditions and the shared setting/time period of WWI. When all is said and done, the differences and similarities of these Great War stories make the pair amazing themes to compare and contrast.

Breaking Down Writer’s Block An Infographic - Freewrite Store

Breaking Down Writer’s Block An Infographic - Freewrite Store Writer’s block can happen to anyone, no matter if you’re a new writer or if you have had several well-received publications under your name. These dry spells can be a bother to deal with, as they can go on for days or even weeks at a time. It can be frightening, especially if you make a living by writing. But what exactly happens when you have writer’s block? It plays out differently for different individuals. While some find themselves not being able to pen a single decent sentence, there are others who can still write pages of paragraphs- but nowhere near the quality that they’re used to producing. There are those who just can’t seem to find the right words to say and also those who seem to have too many ideas to fit into a single article. Writer’s block can happen at any time, sometimes during crucial moments in your writing career. Because of the unpredictability of writer’s block, knowing a few techniques to overcome it can come in handy. Some experts suggest to continue writing, even when what you end up writing doesn’t make sense. You can even write about something else, so find a topic that truly interests you, and feel the thoughts and ideas come out through written format. You can also work on your focus by using a distraction-free typewriter instead, which will force you to write and write until you’re finally done. However, if you can’t even seem to find any words at all to scribble down, then shut everything down and go for a walk. Sometimes, simply taking yourself out to unwind can help loosen the screws that are holding the mental box trapping your creative juices. Go out and see people; change your environment- in other words, do something else. Interested to find out more about this scary yet inevitable experience? Check out this infographic to get more details. Writer’s block can be a pain to work with, but even the most famous writers suffered from it at various points in their writing careers. Don’t be easily discouraged if you experience that too. After all, there are many ways you can overcome this creative stumbling block.

GASB state 34 essays

GASB state 34 essays On June 30, 1999 the GASB passed statement number 34. Statement 34 establishes new accounting requirements for state and local governments that are scheduled to begin on June 15, 2002. There are three phases scheduled for the implementation of statement 34, each depending on the size of the government. The largest governments must meet the requirement first while the smaller governments have more time to comply with the statement. Statement 34 will improve the governmental accounting system in many ways. First, statement 34 will create easier to understand financial statements. This will allow people other than accountants to understand the information within a government financial statement. Secondly, statement 34 will help city officials keep track of fixed assets that need to be replaced or improved. This addition is important because city officials often forget that assets have been in use for too long, resulting in costly improvements that could be avoided. Furthermore, statement 34 will allow readers to determine whether the government has improved since the last fiscal year. These goals will be accomplished in several ways. First, a management discussion and analysis (MD Another notable change made by statement 34 is the adoption of the full accrual method. This will greatly change the bottom line of many governmental entities. Under this system, governments will report all revenue...

10 cosas que debes saber sobre formularios del USCIS

10 cosas que debes saber sobre formularios del USCIS Para ser exitoso en peticiones o solicitudes al Servicio de Inmigracià ³n y Ciudadanà ­a   (USCIS) es fundamental llenar correctamente el formulario que corresponda, segà ºn el caso. Para ello, este artà ­culo brinda importante informacià ³n en 10 puntos bsicos sobre quà © se debe hacer, quà © consejos seguir para evitar problemas graves y cà ³mo hacer un seguimiento de los trmites una vez que se envà ­a el formulario.   10 cosas que debes saber sobre los formularios del USCIS 1. Las planillas del USCIS son gratuitas y se pueden obtener directamente en la pgina oficial. Hay decenas de formularios y se debe elegir la correcta, segà ºn el tipo de informacià ³n, peticià ³n o solicitud que se quiere hacer.   En ese enlace anterior se accede a todos los formularios. Para descargarlos es necesario tener adobe reader, el programa que permite abrir archivos pdf. Tambià ©n se pueden buscar por su nombre, que est siempre conformado por una letra o unas letras (AR, EOIR, G, I, N) seguido por un guià ³n y a continuacià ³n un nà ºmero. Dependiendo del formulario en ocasiones es posible realizar el trmite online, por ejemplo, para notificar el cambio de domicilio es posible descargar el formulario AR-11 en forma de archivo pdf o tambià ©n cumplir con esa obligacià ³n directamente por internet. Lo que es importe es no enviar doblemente la misma peticià ³n, una por cada medio. 2. Enviar siempre la à ºltima edicià ³n de la planilla. Frecuentemente el USCIS modifica los formularios cambiando alguna pregunta o requisito. Es muy importante fijarse en la fecha que pone expires (expiracià ³n) en la parte superior derecha del formulario.   El mejor consejo es siempre obtener el formulario justo el dà ­a en que se va a completar y asà ­ evitar enviar uno que ha quedado viejo y, por consiguiente, el USCIS no lo va a aceptar. 3. Las planillas deben llenarse en tinta negra. Adems, deben estar firmadas a mano por el solicitante de la informacià ³n, solicitud o peticià ³n. A este à ºltimo punto existen dos excepciones. En primer lugar cuando se trata de un menor de 14 aà ±os, en cuyo caso debe firmar uno de los padres o guardin legal. En segundo lugar, en el caso de personas declaradas judicialmente como incapacitadas, en cuyo caso debe firmar en su nombre su guardin legal. 4. Es muy importante leer las instrucciones de cà ³mo llenar la planilla ya que allà ­ explican informacià ³n relevante como quà © documentos deben acompaà ±arse al envà ­o el formulario. En este punto hay que tener en cuenta que se envà ­an siempre fotocopias legibles, excepto en los casos en los que expresamente se pide que se envà ­e un documento original. El USCIS puede en cualquier momento solicitar ver dicho documento. Tener en cuenta que si se envà ­a un original, como por ejemplo un pasaporte, el USCIS no lo regresa automticamente y habrà ­a que pedirle el retorno oficialmente con su debido formulario. Adems, si cualquier documento adicional que es necesario adjuntar est en un idioma que no es inglà ©s, debe traducirse a ese idioma e incluirse una carta que certifique la traduccià ³n. 5. Mentir expresamente o mediante un omisià ³n es un formulario migratorio es una violacià ³n migratoria y podrà ­a dar lugar a problemas graves. Antes de caer en la tentacià ³n de mentir, consultar con un abogado reputado y entender bien las consecuencias. 6. La tramitacià ³n de casi todos los formularios del USCIS cuestan dinero, aunque hay algunos que son gratuitos. Adems, es posible solicitar la exencià ³n del pago segà ºn el tipo de formulario y teniendo en cuenta las circunstancias del solicitante. Es importante verificar esta informacià ³n porque podrà ­a dar lugar a importantes ahorros. Por otro lado, tener en cuenta que no tener dinero no es causa razonable para no enviar un documento al USCIS cuando hay obligacià ³n de hacerlo dentro de un plazo. Por ejemplo, si un novio de ciudadana ingresa a Estados Unidos con una visa K-1, se casan antes de 90 dà ­as pero a continuacià ³n no se solicita la green card por ajuste de estatus porque no se tiene dinero para la cuota, ahà ­ hay un problema muy gordo. 7. Cualquier persona puede llenar el formulario del USCIS por sà ­ misma. Lo importante es que entienda todo lo que pide el formulario y las condiciones. No es aconsejable dejarse llevar por el consejo de amigos o familiares o proceder a llenar la planilla cuando no se comprende todo el trmite que se inicia. Por otro lado, si se cuenta con un abogado o un representante acreditado, debe cumplimentarse la planilla G-28. Es importante elegir un buen abogado, honesto, con conocimientos y que està © pendiente de las fechas de los casos y de envà ­o de documentos. Conviene desconfiar de todas las personas que ofrecen milagros o que aseguran conocer a una persona dentro del sistema que resuelve problemas a cambio de dinero. Eso, adems de ser un delito, es un fraude. 8. Completar solo la parte del formulario que aplica. Algunos documentos sirven para situaciones variadas. Es fundamental que cada uno responda y complete sà ³lo la parte que le corresponde. Por ejemplo, el I-131Application for Travel document, sirve como permiso de reentrada a los Estados Unidos para residentes permanentes, como documento de viaje para refugiados y como advance parole para extranjeros que en el momento de solicitarlo se encuentran fà ­sicamente en Estados Unidos.   Por otro lado, otro problema de confusià ³n puede surgir porque no se elige la variedad correcta de planilla segà ºn la peticià ³n que se quiere hacer. Por ejemplo, el I-129 tiene cuatro modalidades, el I-129, el I-129CW, I-129F e I-129S y sirve para propà ³sitos tan dispares como pedir a un trabajador extranjero o solicitar una visa para el prometido de un ciudadano americano. Es importante no solo elegir el formulario correcto sino tambià ©n completar sà ³lo las categorà ­as que aplican al beneficio que se pide. Y dentro de à ©stas, si alguna respuesta es ninguno contestar NONE y si es No Aplica, por ejemplo en el caso de pedir nombre de cà ³nyuges anteriores cuando se trata de una persona que no los ha tenido, escribir N/A. 9. A la hora de enviar el formulario junto con la documentacià ³n de apoyo y el pago de la cuota al lugar que se indica en las instrucciones se da la opcià ³n de un envà ­o por correo ordinario o por servicio de mensajerà ­a. Cualquiera de los dos es vlido pero, en general, da mayor confianza este à ºltimo servicio por deja constancia de la fecha de entrega. Sin embargo, no es necesario ni obligatorio. 10. Es posible hacer un seguimiento de dà ³nde estn los papeles y cà ³mo va la tramitacià ³n a travà ©s de diferentes medios, desde por internet a llamadas por telà ©fono al Servicio al Cliente del USCIS una vez que se tiene el cà ³digo que identifica al caso. A tener en cuenta En una situacià ³n como la actual es importante que los migrantes en situacià ³n de indocumentados no se presenten voluntariamente en ninguna oficina migratoria ni para recabar informacià ³n ni como acompaà ±antes. Si han sido citados es recomendable presentarse con un abogado. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

War on marijuana Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

War on marijuana - Essay Example high school seniors have the highest rate among their peers in the industrial world (Author last name, date, p.278). It was the horror stories that spread in the US in the late 1960s that led to strict laws and their enforcement regarding drug use. Marijuana has been found to have the combined effect of the three categories of drugs-simulants such as cocaine and nicotine, depressants such as heroin and morphine and also hallucinogens such as LSD and MDMA- and this is why primarily marijuana is considered more dangerous than other drugs to the health of the user (Author last name, date, p.270). Compared to other drugs, Marijuana is the most used drug in the US and â€Å"the sharpest increase in drug use has occurred among young teens around Age 13†, who are the future of any given society (Author last name, date, p.279). Another danger inherent with this drug use is that it can act as a stimulant for the users to experiment with more dangerous drugs (Author last name, date, p.2 72). And also there has been a strong link found between drug use and crime (Author last name, date, p.280). It has been proved that â€Å"close to half of the crime suspects arrested in the United States had used illegal drugs in the prior three days† (Author last name, date, p.281).

Reasons that Relationships Fail Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Reasons that Relationships Fail - Essay Example Any union that does not propagate trust as its core value is definitely standing on a shaky foundation. A successful and happy relationship should be predicated on trust, otherwise the union will be punctuated by countless second-guessing, incessant arguing, and an overall unhealthy vibe. Distrust is fueled by insecurity and immaturity, hence one should be hesitant in plunging into a committed relationship if there are any warning signs at all during the dating process. Have you ever seen one of those Catch-22 couples who keep on pining about a "lack of communication" Its always either one talks too much or one's opinions are constantly ignored. Ironically, these are the types of couples who do a lot of "talking", and yet there is no real communication. Given the intricacies of relationships, this is a skill that is acquired over time through trial and error. In a utopian world, the level of communication should increase the longer the relationship lasts. Unfortunately, this is easier said than done, and there are relationships where couples just "tune out" after a certain number of years. It is said that familiarity breeds contempt, and when contempt is present complacency is not far behind. When a relationship reaches a point where there is no longer any dynamism and most days lean toward the mundane, this is a key indicator that the relationship is headed downhill and is oftentimes a direct result of poor communication between the two parties. T he relationship would be dying a slow death, and the tough part is that most couples would never really realize the quagmire that they are in until it is way too late. Capping off the holy trinity of relationship must-haves is the need for understanding. As much of an acquired skill as an intrinsic personality trait, no relationship would possess any long term viability if there is no semblance of this integral trait. As it is inevitable that there would be the obligatory speed bumps along the way, recognizing the need for understanding shows that a couple is willing to rise above the petty niceties and is more focused on the long term. While not necessarily the easiest thing in the world to do, it is a concept that needs to be exercised with significant regularity in order to avoid failure. To conclude, it is glaringly apparent that a lack of trust ,communication, and understanding in a relationship are tantamount to a virtual death sentence, as these are two integral components in the dynamic that need to work in full synergy to be effective. Trust issues, while hinging on other factors such as fidelity and experience, can still be negated if a couple could communicate properly. Likewise, well-meaning efforts to communicate will mostly be misconstrued and taken aversely if there is no existing framework of trust, which in turn fuels the level of understanding in the relationship. This is easier said than done though, and would take considerable initiative and force of will to effectively implement. There is also this other intangible that may work in case all else fails though- its that something called "love". It's always a handy thing to have, specially in a relationship

New Deal, One topic to choose among 6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

New Deal, One topic to choose among 6 - Essay Example Despite the fact that Roosevelt got elected to the White House for record four-terms, but it is said that his popularity waned in all subsequent elections due to the unpopularity of New Deal. The success of New Deal, however, remains widely contested among economist, political scientists and historians to this day. Roosevelt began his election campaign with two things in mind; to check economic distress and provide employment (Eliot). During the first days in office, the Roosevelt called for a special session of Congress and got passed bills for facilitation of such New Deal programs like Works Project Administration (WPA), Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), National Youth Administration (NYA), Farm Security Administration (FSA), National Recovery Administration (NRA), and Public Works Administration. These Acts and Programs were intended ensuring reasonable farm prices, generating employment and providing economic and social security to the people. This era is typified by a political adage: Roosevelt proposed, Congress passed. Later Congress, the Congress passed important legislations like the Agricultural Adjustment Act, National Housing Act, and the Social Security Act. However, New Deal opponents felt that these legislations while on one hand made the Executive (the President) much more powerful transgressing into the Congress area, and on the other tried to make the federal power more pervasive over states. Roosevelt was blamed for trying to pursue centralization of power intended to replace free-enterprise with state-owned economy: Fascism or Communist style (Flynn, 1944, quoted by Gordon). Venn (1998) feels that the task of administering the New Deal was complex and demanding one. â€Å"The sheer scale of legislation and the proliferation of agencies meant that the operation of the federal government was far more fluid than it had been previously, as well as requiring a vastly increased bureaucracy. (Venn, 68). New Deal also

New York's decision to pay egg donors sparks debate by Ridgely Ochs Essay

New York's decision to pay egg donors sparks debate by Ridgely Ochs - Essay Example New York state decision to pay women who donate eggs for stem cells using public money is generating a lot of debate in ethicists and critics who believe it to be an inappropriate way to use tax dollars. However, scientists believe New York decision could make it a leader in the research that promises to cure serious diseases like diabetes and brings revenue and jobs to the state. Nevertheless, apart from ethicists, not all scientists approve the procedure of using tax payer dollars to finance an undertaking that some people find morally wrong and attracts poor women who remain vulnerable to exploitation. Ethicists feel that many people will be violated and feel morally complicit in doing something they oppose; hence, ethicists believe that the decision ought to have been deeply reflected across the state. However, the state decision is considered to benefit another person by saving a person’s life or even resulting in a child. Summary of â€Å"The facts on embryonic stem cel ls† by Jennifer Barrios Embryonic stem cells are retrieved from human embryos that are less than a week old and have the prospective of growing into muscle, nerve and different other forms of cells. Embryonic stem cells differ from Adult stem cells in that adult stem cells result from non-embryonic human tissue like the brain or bone marrow and are found in certain tissues within the human body. Some early researches indicated that adult stem cells could develop into other forms of tissue apart from the original tissue although their capacity is limited compared to embryonic stem cells... Summary of â€Å"Researchers find new way to produce stem cells† by Delthia Ricks A group of scientists produced one of a kind human stem cells that never destroys embryos where they come from and indicated that the stem cells are viable and hardy for researchers to begin using them immediately. The procedure of obtaining the stem cells involves plucking one cell from the embryo and then freezing it before being implanted in addition the procedure was regarded as a proof of principle. The procedure is similar to pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), a technique that allows one or two cells to be picked from early-stage embryos for gene screening. Picking a single cell from an embryo does not alter the development of the embryo moreover; this procedure is expected to be get permission from US FDA to stem test stem cells as treatments for disorders. In November USA and Japanese scientists showed a fresh way of obtaining embryonic stem cells that coaxed scientists to develop them from skin cells. The discovery made worldwide headline revealing how skin cells retain primordial slates called stem cells, which scientists believe can change to any form of cells thus they can be used to create fresh and healthy tissue following an injury or debilitating disease. Nevertheless, opponent of this fresh technique of obtaining embryonic stem state that they are not convinced that the technique passes the test of protecting human embryos. Although the techniques seems to have been successful on technical issues, ethical issues still remain on the issue of using and manipulating human embryonic stem cells. Summary of â€Å"Scientists stress importance of research with human embryos† by Delthia Ricks Although opponents of embryonic stem cells

Theories of Movement Control Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Theories of Movement Control - Essay Example According to Schmidt and Wrisberg, there are at least two ways of conceptualizing the term 'motor skill' which can be construed as a talk or an act, where motor skills can be distinguishable along a number of aspects or on the basis of a variety of high-flying characteristics (Schmidt and Wrisberg, 2008). The second way construes to the conceptualization of motor skill in terms of the ability a person delineates while performing a movement. Utley and Astill, in their book, have stated that the motor skills can efficiently be implemented in the brain and nervous system as well and also that they can be improvised (Utley and Astill, 2008). The development in motor skills defines the field of measurement as well as movement, thereby, learning the ways to control movement as a whole. This paper delineates the contrasting nature of both the theories of motor control, i.e. the open-loop and the closed-loop theory, thereby, stating examples which demonstrate the different explanations of hu man coincidence-anticipation performance. In open loop controll... en loop system, the controller output indication is settled on by the input signal from the computer or any other non-essential device. In response to incorrect calculation of the system response, or the affect of some other occurrence in the output signal, the system might turn aside from the desired path. As a result, it is necessary for the controller to assume that each part of the system is at its absolute position and has moved there at the correct pace. No feedback is conceived from the system, which would enable the controller to weigh against the actual position to the programmed position. In such a case, it is not possible for the controller to check and correct himself. Under this kind of a system, it is feasible to incline against the designated positions and paces, and not be able to correct the difficulties. This theory is significant for well-defined systems where the relationship between input and the resultant state can be modeled by a mathematical formula. For example, determining the voltage to be supplied to an electric motor which drives a consistent load, so as to acquire a desired pace can be considered as an appreciable implementation of open-loop control system. However, on the other hand, if the load were not predictable, the motor's pace might vary as an operation of the load as well as of the voltage. As a result, the open-loop controller would not be satisfactory enough to ensure the repeatable control of the speed. To comprehend the open-loop control system, an example of a

Private interest groups and their role in Washington Essay

Private interest groups and their role in Washington - Essay Example Each law or amendment has a bunch of monetary transactions behind it. While a conventional market place sells commodities and services, the Congress sells legislative favors. It is a pitiable condition, but nevertheless true. Numerous empirical studies have been conducted on understanding the nature of influence of interest groups. As far as studies on interest groups’ ability to influence legislative voting, the results are mixed. It is fairly clear that cultural issues such as gay rights, abortion, school prayer, etc have minimal interference from interest groups. The reason is obvious – they have no overt commercial bearing. For general socio-cultural topics â€Å"legislative voting is driven by partisanship, ideology, religious beliefs, and constituency opinion, with interest group influence occurring at the margins. Interest group influence on culture war issues is conditional, but may be more visible simply because support has been relatively low.† (Haider-Markel, 1999) Amid the generic fear over the influence of interest groups, a particular concern has risen over the notion that Political Action Committees (PACs) are buying the allegiance of politicians. The flow of money into PAC’s reveals a blatant misuse of campaign financing. For example, the PAC leadership has been found to allow special interests and big business to sway key decisions. One can garner this from an analysis of receipts and expenditure incurred by PACs in the last decade. The spirit behind limits to campaign donation is to pre-empt any undue pressure from large donors. But this regulation is easily circumvented â€Å"by giving to a members personal campaign fund and to his or her leadership PAC†. (Public Citizens Congress Watch, 2004) So, legal loopholes such as these have effectively made election campaigns sophisticated quid-pro-quo affairs. To cite an example, during the 1991-92 Congressional elections, the maximum personal campaign fund cap

Theories of Movement Control Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Theories of Movement Control - Essay Example According to Schmidt and Wrisberg, there are at least two ways of conceptualizing the term 'motor skill' which can be construed as a talk or an act, where motor skills can be distinguishable along a number of aspects or on the basis of a variety of high-flying characteristics (Schmidt and Wrisberg, 2008). The second way construes to the conceptualization of motor skill in terms of the ability a person delineates while performing a movement. Utley and Astill, in their book, have stated that the motor skills can efficiently be implemented in the brain and nervous system as well and also that they can be improvised (Utley and Astill, 2008). The development in motor skills defines the field of measurement as well as movement, thereby, learning the ways to control movement as a whole. This paper delineates the contrasting nature of both the theories of motor control, i.e. the open-loop and the closed-loop theory, thereby, stating examples which demonstrate the different explanations of hu man coincidence-anticipation performance. In open loop controll... en loop system, the controller output indication is settled on by the input signal from the computer or any other non-essential device. In response to incorrect calculation of the system response, or the affect of some other occurrence in the output signal, the system might turn aside from the desired path. As a result, it is necessary for the controller to assume that each part of the system is at its absolute position and has moved there at the correct pace. No feedback is conceived from the system, which would enable the controller to weigh against the actual position to the programmed position. In such a case, it is not possible for the controller to check and correct himself. Under this kind of a system, it is feasible to incline against the designated positions and paces, and not be able to correct the difficulties. This theory is significant for well-defined systems where the relationship between input and the resultant state can be modeled by a mathematical formula. For example, determining the voltage to be supplied to an electric motor which drives a consistent load, so as to acquire a desired pace can be considered as an appreciable implementation of open-loop control system. However, on the other hand, if the load were not predictable, the motor's pace might vary as an operation of the load as well as of the voltage. As a result, the open-loop controller would not be satisfactory enough to ensure the repeatable control of the speed. To comprehend the open-loop control system, an example of a

Request for Funds to Expand to Outdoor Catering Assignment

Request for Funds to Expand to Outdoor Catering - Assignment Example As such, the restaurant is considering other options that can help it serve its distinguished customers adequately. Currently, the fast food market is experiencing a rapid growth due to the increase of the working class customers. These are a group of customers who have money to spend and thus offering opportunities for investors to venture into the fast food industry. In this regard, this proposal invites venture capitalist to help Seasoned Catering to expand its business to outdoor catering. Seasoned Catering is a fast food restaurant that serves organic fast food to its customers. Over the years, the restaurant has seen its customer base expand due to an emphasis on healthier food products. Currently, Seasoned Catering has one outlet located in the city center and mainly serves the working class who has limited time to cook at home. The prices for Seasoned Catering products are customer friendly and this has helped to increase the demand for products from the restaurant. The restaurant at the moment has a staff consisting of 10 caterers and two management staff. However, the increasing number of customers means there is need to add more staff members to improve service delivery. While the restaurants maintain a focus on its working-class customers, it has also noticed the opportunity to also serve customers at their doorstep. This would help to improve the restaurant's sales volume and profits by over 70%. However, Seasoned Catering lacks adequate start-up that can ensu re it reaches organic fast-food customers in different locations around the city (Woolard & Condon, 2013). The outdoor catering for fast food is a new service in the market and it provides significant opportunities to increase sales and profits respectively.  

Planning a system to handle school records Essay Example for Free

Planning a system to handle school records Essay Real user: The examination department of CAMS School has to maintain the student progress record. Part of the education process requires the examination department need to assess the students at regular intervals throughout the school year and keep a record of achievement for each student at the end of the year. The examination record should build up over the duration of the course to allow the staff, students and parents to see how the students are progressing. The examination officer Mr. Ahmed has asked if I can help them with a particular project to satisfy their need. The examination department and the examination officer Mr.Ahmed will be my end user. The problem and how I discover it: My friend Asad study in CAMS school. In May 2008 he gave his year 10 exams and left for his holiday without taking his result. On his return when he went to collect his result with me he found lots of mistake in the report card. The term marks of history and literature were written incorrect. He marked absent in mathematics. We informed the examination department about this blunder and asked them to rechecked and correct it. After two weeks the examination department could not done anything about the history and literature result as they had lost the record while they marked present him on mathematics paper. My friend was very upset with his result. Why Has This Problem Arisen? Cams school is keeping and making their school results manually, the manual files are prepared for each class and course and class teacher prepare result in register, from where they were shifted to big result sheet and then to report cards. there is no system in place at present to record assessment results efficiently and allow the staff to monitor the students progress throughout the year. Resultantly, the staff must find the time to meet these needs and are finding it difficult and time consuming to record and collate the assessment marks using a manual system. Some evidences of problem: * Every year many student complain as they were not satisfied with the result, as they complain that they had got different marks in monthly test and in term but in report card the marks appeared are different. So the recheck of the whole term marks are extremely difficult and time consuming. * Many errors like calculation in cumulative marks or wrong percentage were found in the report card which affected in not only on grades but also in their ranks. * Many test marks were either entered wrong or forget to enter. * In case of any urgent placement of faculty member, the term result could not collect from the teacher. * The teacher had lost the term result and there was no backup of it. * Some times student does not appear in the final term due to any medical grounds or any other uncertainty and they need to be promote on their past performance basis, in such situation , to find their past result of each subject is time consuming and problem as it is not visible in one page and the examiner and the teacher has to search User requirement: Mr. Ahmed wants me to develop a system which can perform following functions. * Develop a system for recording and storing all the assessments undertaken by students. * Record end of unit assessment marks for all the theory and practical units. * Record all the marks for the projects completed within the course. * Keep details of the students name, and year badge. * Total up the marks for the different subjects, calculate averages for each student and the group and allocate grades against level of performance. * Develop a system to identify high achieving students and those with areas of concern. * Show results of group performance in graphical format. * Be able to alter the system to record and process all the results. * The system must be user friendly. * The system should not involve any additional hardware or software costs. Having considered all the above, I have come up with my own List of Objectives that I must achieve in order to develop a robust solution to this problem. I will use these throughout my project to check that I have satisfied the requirements of the user. Objectives: General objective: * The system must adhere to the working of old system whilst computerizing as much as possible. * The system should be automatic as possible, reducing the need of user intervention where possible. * The system should be secure. Unauthorized personnel must not be able to gain access to the details stored on the system. * The system must be stable and reliable; it must not breakdown or crash which may result in lost data. * Create a template that can be reused for each new year group * Produce graphs to show results graphically * Hard copy of reports should be formatted to be printed out on one page * Use color to identify certain groups of student Qualitative objective: * The system should store detail of all student result and their marks. * The result should be easily identified, thus allowing the user to show the result of individual student. * Record of individual student can be maintained. * By making folder of each year each class result would be easily identified. * The system should automatically calculate the cumulative marks, percentage and graph of individual student in every subject, * The system should allow user to gain accurate result in calculation. * The user should able to enter all the data and easily view it. * Every part of the system must be accessible to the user with minimum fuss. Quantitative objective: * The system should able to store the data of ten course and 15 children per class. * The data must be record and available to view with in 10 second. * Past result must be identified within 30 second. * Cumulative marks, percentage and graphs must be prepared within 30 second. * The user must be using the system within one week of receiving it without further help. Different solution of the problem: CAMS are already working with manual solution so it is useless to create any manual solution. My initial thoughts are that a solution could be developed using a Spreadsheet or Database package or maybe a Word Processing package. The following table identifies each of these applications, considering the function software can perform.

Horace Miner’s Body Ritual Among the Nacirema Essay -- Horace Miner Bo

Horace Miner’s Body Ritual Among the Nacirema In Horace Miner’s article, â€Å"Body Ritual Among the Nacirema†, he talks about a tribe and describes their odd behavior. He tells about how the tribe performs these strange daily rituals and how their peculiarity is extreme, but in fact he is actually speaking of Americans as a whole (Miner). Miner uses this style of writing to more effectively prove his point: that Americans are ethnocentric. Miner does an exceptional job in disguising the Nacirema as Americans. Some of the things he disguises are the bathroom, which he says is a cleansing shrine. He disguises the medicine chest as the main device in the shrine, a bundle of hog hairs on a stick as a toothbrush, and magical potions as medicine (Miner). In this article, Miner gives a few hints that the Nairema are indeed Americans. The fact that Nacirema spelled backwards is American is a huge hint by itself. Another clue is the â€Å"holy-mouth-men.† If you sit down and think about it for a second it is obvious to realize that they are indeed dentists. Also the me...

Environmental Protection Essay -- American Government, The Reagan Admi

The situation about environmental protection began to change in the early 1980s, as the Reagan administration labeled environmental regulations a burden on the economy and tried to weaken them and reduce their enforcement (Dunlap and McCright, 2008). The anti-environmental orientation of the Republican Party became important yet again following the Newt Gingrich led Republican takeover of Congress in 1994, sparking a modest negative reaction from the public (Dunlap,2002), and has been greatly amplified during the George W. Bush administration (Pope and Rauber, 2004). According to Dunlap and McCright (2008) the divide has been most obvious among political elites, such as members of Congress, who tend to be more ideologically concentrated on contrasting positions than the general public. The latest research from Gallop (2009) shows a currently very large gap between Republicans and Democrats in terms of believing that facts about global warming. Eagan and Mulllin (2009) believe to a large extent, people’s perceptions are likely to be guided by the contradictory discourse of elites, with the consequence that more partisan and politically sophisticated citizens will express more consistent beliefs. Americans’ beliefs about the existence of global warming are unstable (Eagan and Mullin, 2009). The belief level in 2009 represents an eight point drop from a year earlier, when 61% of respondents surveyed by Gallup agreed that global warming effects had already begun (Saad, 2009). This instability in opinion reflects the low public salience of the climate change issue and the sharp disagreement among policy elites about the problem and potential solutions. Regardless of the media’s culpability, currently the media is not a trusted so... ...vating a moral orientation through which to address climate change and the broader challenges facing America and the world. (Goldstein and Wapner, 2006) The Republican presidential contenders consider global warming as a hoax or, at best, make light of its importance. The most vocal denier is Rick Perry, the Texas governor and longtime friend of the oil industry, who claim that climate change is an unproven theory created by "a substantial number of scientists who have manipulated data so that they will have dollars rolling into their projects." Unfortunately, because of the economic downturn, addressing climate change has become less urgent for voters but that doesn’t mean that the issue is going away. The nation badly needs a candidate with a logical, disciplined national strategy. We have yet to find a Republican who fits that description. (NY Times, 2011)

Differences between Speech and Writing Essay

We can alter our speech according to audience, purpose and context as well as altering text for a certain audience. Neither speech nor writing is grater then the other as both can be of different qualities. Occasionally speech is more relaxed however can have more power than text. Text and speech can both be formal or informal. The general spontaneous conversation is an example of unplanned speech, a conversation between two friends. The conversation takes place face to face with no audience. The speech is transient, and utterances are part of the spoken words that connect other parts of the sentence. As the speech is quite relaxed with no pressure to talk the environment is comfortable, it is just a relaxed conversation between two friends on a Sunday morning. The conversation is informal, as it contains slang words such as ‘dead’, ‘footie’, also contains words that are not standard English, such as utterances; ‘erm’, ‘ooh’. These would not make grammatical sense if put into written form, and are confined to speech, because of the way humans talk. The structure is loose; utterances break up the sentence, and help the speaker to readjust the thing they are going to say in their head, before they actually say it out loud. The conversation is colloquial, and therefore words are changed and altered to suit people’s speech patterns such as ‘min’, or ‘hearin’. The written text however, has a structure, has been planned and the words are separated into paragraphs, according to the context. The sentences within the whole piece have a much more solid structure containing information as well as news. ‘Dario kept with the same team that beat Crystal Palace on Tuesday night so that meant starting places for both 16 year old Billy Jones and Luke Varney. ‘ punctuation and layout are used to mark the grammatical boundaries of the sentences. The piece has a wide based audience. Mainly the fans of Crewe Alex will be interested; especially those who did not attended the game. It may also attract neutral sport fans as well as the fans that did attend the game. The conversation between the two people however, might have been private, and couldn’t be repeated for other people to hear. The written text is formal, even though not as formal as a letter or an essay, has an informative, formal feel to it. The written piece can also be referred back too if a reader requires to. Written text, most of the time, is more formal than spoken text. Unless the spoken text is planned written text contains better Standard English, and the flow of the words is smooth. Although planned speech can change from a script when converted to speech. Speech contains more slang and can be more abusive. When speaking you have less time to think about what you are going to say than when writing it down. You can normally gain control of a conversation and express yourself appropriately. The spoken text doesn’t have one particular subject, and the field tends to vary, depending on the subject matter. It goes from talking about ‘Motley’, to ‘The Vine’ and then onto the football match. The subject is constantly changing. It stops the conversation becoming stale. The written text is focused on one specific area, the match report. It is quite confined in the content and subject it talks about, the subject is football, which does not change, yet it does add outside information about Dario keeping the same team as on the Tuesday night. There is no discourse between narrator and reader; it is a one-way piece of writing. This piece of writing also tends to give facts about the particular subject, not just opinions and explanations. The piece has emotional balance. It adds some emotion into it. Language is shown differently by the constant change in tone, volume, pace, rhythm and stress of the words that are spoken. The prosodic features of the conversation make it more interesting, and more variable in the way it sounds. Paralinguistic speech helps to show emotion through the way you say certain words, ‘NO’, and ‘Oi! ‘ Extensions to words can change the emotion and tone in someone’s voice, such as ‘Yeeesss†¦ ‘ They create a sudden change in the flow of the conversation, and the speech pattern is now varied. Expletives show emotion, and encourage a response from the person it is aimed at, which could be an expletive aimed back at the addressee, or can incline them to do something, ‘fuck off! ‘ Interruptions can change the flow of conversation dramatically. The sentences in the written text are in Standard English. It contains more facts of the event in the correct time when they occurred, the language within the written text is that associated with football. The players are referred to by their surnames names; there are nouns with a football semantic field, such as ‘cross’, ‘attack’, etc. The language and choice of words is very restricted, because it has been written as a report. The conversation language is different. There is no set subject, and the words within the conversation have no set connotations relating to one particular area, because of the conversation being spontaneous. Expressing ideas and opinions in writing is different to expressing them in speech. The sentences have an orderly flow, and links between the sentences are seen, for example written down ‘Former Alex favourite Rob Hulse’ sounds ok, however if you were to verbally say this in a chatty conversation then it would sound strange. The manner of the conversation can also give a clue as to what the relationship between the two people are. One person mentions two other friends ‘Pete and Gary’, the other person knows who them, so they are obviously friends, it is quite a personal conversation, as it involves personal friends and personal football jokes, e. g. ‘stoke are ace’ etc. The way in which they speak to each other is very chatty, and they both follow the direction in which the conversation is going in. The differences between writing and speech are obvious. On the other hand, written texts can imitate spoken words, and sound spontaneous when spoken, and a speech can be planned, and sound more formal than normal everyday conversation.

Evaluation of my Body Image Health Campaign

My health campaign had a positive impact on my target audience because they were able to learn about factors that can influence their views on body shape and how to value themselves. At the start of my health campaign, my target audience were insecure and unaware of the impact it can have on their development. I used the results of the planning questionnaire to get an indication of what my target audience had thought about themselves before I carried out my health campaign in order to compare and contrast the results of my feedback questionnaire. The graph above shows that the health campaign was useful because there were less insecurity than I discovered in the planning questionnaire. There were 81 pupils that were insecure in the planning questionnaire. The number reduced in the feedback questionnaire to 12. This is a massive improvement because it showed that my health campaign had a positive impact on my target audience. My teachers and head of sixth form had praised me on the success of the campaign. I had also changed their views on body image issues. Majority of them didn’t see it as a major problem due to students not being open orally. Read also Six Dimensions of Health Worksheet This is the reason why I had chosen to do a questionnaire rather than an interview. It is easier for pupils to be open and express their concerns in a written form because interviews can make them withdraw or restrain, which would result on my health campaign not being effective due to denial. Before carrying out my health campaign on body image issues, I had to draft up a planning questionnaire to find out what my target audience, which is year seven pupils that attend my school, find problematic with their body and what factors influence them in drafting up a perfect body. From the planning questionnaire I was able to discover that girls were 2% more insecure about their body image than boys. This might be because girls have drafted up an image of a perfect body; tall, skinny and athletic in their heads. If they don’t fit into the categories, they see themselves as a ‘worthless’ or ‘ugly’. I had asked in my planning questionnaire; â€Å"How important to you is your appearance? † The question was a closed-ended. Majority of the questions I had asked in my questionnaire was closed-ended because it would provide a quantity data that can be used as statistic. All the girls and 82% of boys had ticked yes. This made me be aware that boys and girls see their appearance to be important, it is something they value. This implies that boys and girls in year seven are insecure about their body image. I had asked the pupils that had ticked yes to elaborate the reason why they think it is important. Majority of the girls saw it as a necessity and the boys viewed it as a goal. This was an indication that I should educate these pupils about valuing their body. I did find out that 65% of boys are more likely to compare their body type to their peers, famous athletes and family members. The questions I asked â€Å"How often do you compare yourself to other girls or boys? † there was a handful of boys that ticked yes than girls, and further on I asked them to elaborate their answer. Majority of the boys wrote that peer pressure and the mass media had an impact on how they viewed themselves. They would often be exposed to well-built athletes and pressured to getting the ‘perfect body’ to impress girls. If they don’t fit into a certain category they would often get verbal abuse from their male peers. From the secondary research I had done for my health campaign, I had learned that boys would judge each other more than girls. Debbie Epstein (1998) and Francis (2001) had examined the way masculinity is constructed within schools. They found that boys are likely than girls to be harassed, labelled as ‘sissies’ and subjected to homophobic (anti-gay) verbal abuse if they appear to be ‘swots,’ which is a term to describe someone that studies or behaves similar to a girl. A feminine boy would be subjected to verbal abuse from other boys because he does not look and behave the same. From a young age boys establish a certain norms and value and if it is broken, then the boy would be socially excluded. One critical issue that arose in the planning questionnaire is that there was a handful of boys that perceive their body shape as unrealistic. I had asked another closed-ended question; â€Å"Do you perceive your shape in an unrealistic way? † There were a large proportion of boys that had ticked yes, 15% more than girls. This links to what I mentioned about boys being exposed to well-built and muscled men from mass media in the previous paragraph. Year seven boys don’t usually have toned muscles because they have not yet fully developed their body since boys tend to go through puberty when they are teenagers. It had worried me that boys and girls in year seven had ticked yes in that particular question because for them to see their body type as unrealistic. We associate the word ‘unrealistic’ to impractical and unworkable. This meaning that the pupils saw their body shape as a problem that they could not change. Another critical issue that had surfaced in the planning questionnaire is that there was a large amount of girls that had saw their body size to be a sign as a personal failure. There were a less than half of boys that had the same view. I had asked another closed-ended question that was; â€Å"Do you think that your body size or shape is a sign of personal failure? † To view your body shape or size as a personal failure is distressing because it can lead to eating disorders, such as anorexia nervosa, which is life-threatening because it can affect a person’s emotional, physical, social and intellectual. This is problematic since pupils in year seven are still developing. A personal failure is usually something we regret constantly and has more of an emotional affect because we often feel distressed due to viewing ourselves as worthless. This is another reason why I had decided to carry on my research with both genders because the year seven pupils are insecure about their body. The last critical issue that ascended on the planning questionnaire is that both girls and boys felt embarrassed, mortified and ashamed of their body. The questions I had asked was; â€Å"Do you feel ashamed, self-conscious, and anxious about your body? † There was an equal amount of boys and girls had ticked yes, which had highlighted the fact that both genders are equally distressed about their body. This can be linked to what I had mentioned about the emotions leading to eating disorders that can affect their development. I had viewed this as a critical question because of the affect it has on the pupils. This further encourage me to pursue my health campaign on educating year seven pupils about valuing their body image. The feedback questionnaire had shown the effectiveness of the workshops, which I had organised. I had discovered that the Building Self-Esteem workshop had an average of 7. I had asked the pupils; â€Å"How did you find the Building Self-Esteem workshop? † and gave them the option of scoring the effectiveness of each workshops from 1-10 (1 being bad and 10 being good). For the Building Self-Esteem workshop to have an average of 7 is viewed as a success because it shows that the pupils were able to learn something important and build up their confidents, which would build their self-esteem. The purpose of the workshop is was to encourage pupils to get involved and lead the activity with little help from teachers and the Youth Club leaders. I was expecting a handful of the pupils to not get involved in the performance and was surprised to see that a lot of them were joining in the activities and leading it. The building self-esteem workshop was a success because the pupils contributed to the workshop. The Mass Media workshop had been more of a success than the building self-esteem workshop because it had achieved an average score of 9 in the feedback questionnaires. I had asked the pupils; â€Å"How did you find the Mass Media workshop? † I gave them a scale from 1 to 10 again. This is because if I wanted to calculate the average number rather than getting a simple yes or no. The reason why the pupils had favoured the Mass Media workshop over the Building Self-Esteem might be because the Mass Media workshop had highlighted to the students that celebrities, such as Taylor Swift have body image issues. The pupils had learned that body image insecurity can affect everybody, even those that they admire. An average score of 9 had shown that the Mass Media workshop was effective because it indicates that the pupils had learned something from the workshop. The critical question I had asked in my feedback questionnaire was; â€Å"Did you learn anything from the campaign? This was a closed and opened question because I had given the option of ticking yes or no and a space for those that ticked yes to state what they had learned from my health campaign. I am proud to say that all the pupils had ticked yes and majority of them wrote that they had learned to value their body shape and size. Some wrote detailed answered on specific activities and the impact it had on them. For example a student wrote that they had found the Building Self-Esteem workshop helpful because they had been successful in interacting with other pupils and had become more confidence. I was really pleased with the results of this question because it shows that my health campaign. Overall, the questionnaires were helpful in creating my campaign and the impact it had. The planning questionnaire had helped me to get a generalised idea of why and how my target audience are insecure about their body shape and size. The planning questionnaire had also helped me design activities and workshop. I came up with the Mass Media workshop when the pupils had written that they were highly influenced by what they saw on the mass media, which consist of newspapers, magazines, televisions, mobile phones, internet and etc. I wanted to show the pupils that it is perfectly alright to be insecure because it is in human nature to be worried about how we look. This sparked the idea of using celebrities, who are the people that most young children look up to. If a celebrity, like Taylor Swift or Adele is insecure then it is perfectly fine to accept help from professionals, like the celebrities have done. The feedback questionnaire was useful in giving me an indication how useful my health campaign about body image issues. It had helped me know which of my workshops and assembly was more effective. This was the first assembly and the Mass Media workshop. If I ever decided to do another body image issues campaign for another year group; I can use the results of both questionnaires to help construct the campaign. There was no unexpected outcome that was challenging. I had predicted that there would be less insecurity in the end of the campaign compared to before. This is because I had high hopes for the success of the health campaign. The pupils had cooperated efficiently in both workshops and assemblies. In the Building Self-Esteem workshop, the pupils had all taken their roles seriously and had performed extremely well. The outcome for most of people was really good because everyone was ecstatic and participating efficiently. I remembered watching the pupils performing in the Building Self-Esteem workshop with their goofy grins and joyful laughter. I was very pleased and shocked at the cheers and the cooperation from pupils and surprisingly teachers. Some teachers did volunteer in the second assembly to share their experience with accepting themselves. In general, I was glad of how well the campaign had impacted my target audience and some of the teachers and staff at my school, such as the dinner-ladies. The Head of Sixth Form at my school had personally asked me; if I was considering doing my campaign again for other year groups. I had considered doing my campaign for students in year eight and ten because when I was in those year groups I was insecure about my body and I had heard that other students are worried about the way they look as well. The teachers that were involved in the campaign had asked some specific questions regarding the campaign and the local youth club I attend because I had people from the youth club helping me organise the campaign. I had given them the information about the campaign and the youth club. Evaluation of the Health Campaign The first assembly was the introductory period where I introduced myself and I informed the children about what would be happening for the rest of the day. I had also explained the importance of body image insecurity and the impact it can have on a person. The student had listened effectively and I had not run out of time. The assembly was insightful to many pupils because it had informed them of what would be the problems of accepting yourself. The second assembly was also a success. However, it was more time consuming because some of the teachers had volunteered willingly to discuss the issues they had experienced with valuing their body shape and size. I did appreciate it and thought it had been a valuable and beneficial for the campaign. The Building Self-Esteem workshop was effective because the pupils had cooperated effectively. They had performed the short play as a group and no one was excluded. The workshop did take longer than expected. This might have been because the pupils had performed the activity a little slower than anticipated. It wasn’t problematic because the groups had performed their play the period before break. This meant that I could take a bit of their break time to make up for the few minutes that was necessary to finish the workshop. The students were not disappointed and were actually having fun performing and watching their peers. The cheering of pupils did get out of control. I had to ask them to clap after the play is finished because it was hard to hear the pupils performing. The pupils did follow instructions. The Mass Media workshop had gone to plan because the pupils had absorbed the information. I was not surprised at the success of the Mass Media workshop because I had predicted it to be a realisation. The pupils were clueless about the fact that insecurities of body shape and size can affect anyone. The workshop was quicker than the Building Self-Esteem workshop because it had finished on time; all group had been successful in completing the task without any problems. There were a lot of praises from pupils and teachers for the Mass Media workshop. I think this was because the workshop had included people that they I idolise and watch on television. The resources I used to promote my campaign were leaflets and posters. I had handed the pupils and the teachers the leaflets at the end of the second assembly. The leaflets had included the presentation from both assembly in order to remind the students of what they had learned on the day. I would want for the pupils to remember what had happened in the campaign and therefore, I would use the leaflets and the badge as a way for them to remember. I had placed the posters around my school; in the canteen, toilets, corridors and classrooms. I had decided to put the poster up three weeks before the actual campaign. This way the children would be informed of what was happening in a couple of week. The Head of Sixth Form in my school I had provided me a budget of ?50 to spend on my health campaign. I decided to spend the money that was provided by my school on a personalised badge from Camaloon. This is because the personalised badge can be a small reminder to my target audience in valuing their body. The badge had said â€Å"There is No Wrong Way to Have a Body. † This quote had helped increase the pupils’ self-esteem because it would show the children that there is nothing wrong with their body type. The personalised badge had cost ?39. 5 and the quantity is 100, which is helpful because there is 90 students in year seven. The badge had cost ?28. 09, and there was a VAT increase of ?6. 88 and the delivery charge was ?4. 67, altogether it had cost ?39. 65. I really liked the design because it had attracted both genders and they didn’t exclude anybody due to the colours being red and black, which are mutual colours. Boys and girls won’t be ashamed to wear the badge. I was given permission from the school to use their account in Camaloon to create and purchase the badge. I did have to order the badge in advance, just in case of delivery delays. The badges had arrived a week before my health campaign event and I was successful in not spending over the budget. The approach I used for the campaign was educational and behavioural. This is because I wanted to teach children in their first year of secondary education to value themselves as a person. I had used the activities to change the pupils’ behaviours because their self-esteem would increase. This had made the pupils more confident and outspoken. The Building Self-Esteem was an activity that I created to make the children feel valued. Identify that beauty, well-being and strength come in all sizes. Carol Johnson, author of Self-Esteem Comes in all Sizes says that â€Å"actual beauty includes what’s inside, your passion for life, your playful spirit, a smile that illuminates up your face, your sympathy for others. † This is a good quote to show that all sizes are beautiful. I want to set an example of admiration for size diversity. Children naturally come in different sizes and builds and that is fine. I feel that I have met my aims and objectives because the pupils in year seven have cooperated well in the workshop and had told me personally that the campaign was very useful. My aim was to educate young females and males that have just started secondary education into valuing their body. This was because girls and boys in year seven tend to be more insecure about their body compared to other year groups in secondary education. This may be due to puberty or a new environment. Primary schools had a smaller classroom size than high schools. This can make girls and boys that were already cautious about their body changing, more insecure because of a larger peer group subculture. Early or late bloomers may feel like they are developing differently to their peer groups. My objective was to tackle low self-esteem in preteens in the first year of secondary education by organising a focus group in the school I attend. I had put the focus group for pupils in year seven only. I had found out if I had accomplished my aim and objective from the feedback questionnaire. The students had given the workshops a high average score (I’ve mentioned this on the impact of audience) and had found the campaign to be useful. If I was doing this task again I would like to expand the campaign for pupils in year 8 and so on. This is because low self-esteem and body image issues can occur in other year groups. I would very much like to educate the other years. Unfortunately, my main focus on the campaign was on year seven because that is the starting point for most children. There are some pupils that have not been taught why it is important to value your body. I might use a different approach because they would be older than my target audience. This might be done by adding another workshop about self-harming and the affect it has a person’s health. That might be interesting for pupils.

Outline and Evaluate theories and research explaning institutional aggression Essay

Institutional aggression is a form of aggression which is present in institutions such as the police, armed forces and security services, as well as criminal and terrorist groups (i.e. those who are bound together by a common purpose to be aggressive). There have been a number of theories developed to try and explain the cause of institutional aggression. The theories fall into two categories which are situational factors (referring to factors present in social situations), and dispositional factors (referring to characteristics of the individual e.g. personality). The first theory trying to explain intuitional aggression is based on situational factors was Zimbardo’s Stanford prison experiment. In this experiment a sample of 24 male participants (pps) was used and each pps was given a full physical and mental evaluation to ensure full health. Pps were randomly allocated into roles as guards or prisoners. As the pps started to get into their roles the guards became more and more controlling. Guard Hellman was found to be one of the most aggressive officers. Before Hellman had entered the experiment he had described himself as someone who loves all people. Zimbardo concluded that it was the ‘situation’ that had made Hellman behave the way he did. See more: outline format for essay This research supports the situational explanation of aggression because it emphasises how people will act aggressively when they are in a certain situation. A strength of this study is that cause and effect can be established. This is because Zimbardo’s had control and by removing extraneous variables such as pps being at the same levels of aggression as each other and being given a psychological and mental evaluation before they started the study. This would suggest that the being in the prison environment made the pps to behave more aggressively as they were simply trying to fulfill their roles as prison guards. However the guards were consistently aware that they were in a prison study. If they were aware that they were in a study they may have believed that their behavior was punishable. If their behavior had become extreme they would have been stopped but as Zimbardo was the one undertaking the study, the guards may have thought that he would be responsible if anything went wrong, (agentic shift). This suggests that the guards were not responsible for their actions as they were acting as directed. So therefore this study does not support the situational explanation of aggression as the pps were aware that this was a study and may have only been acting in the way they thought they were expected to act. The study of Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq was not a study and it was a real life scenario so this would be a better example to I=use for explaining situational factors to aggression. Abu Ghraib was a prison in Iraq where US troops kept Iraqi prisoners of war (POWs). The prison came after fire after US soldiers took pictures showing how them dehumanizing and degrading the POWs. Zimbardo was a key witness at the trial of these soldiers and argued that their behavior was merely the product of situational factors associated with being a soldier and being a guard in such a unique environment. He continued to argue that a lot of US soldiers were being murdered in Iraq and the situation within the prison was enough to turn a good soldier bad. Zimbardo stated some key factors that may have resulted in the behavior at Abu Ghraib. He noted that the status and power of those involved was a factor that may have contributed to the behavior of the soldiers. Those who were involved were usually low ranking officers, by doing this they may have thought that would move up in status. Also deindividuation may have caused the soldiers to act in the way the did as they may have been deindividuated because they were wearing a uniform and also because they were in a large group. This may have caused them not to feel as though they had a personal identity. This scenario is hard to retest or generalise because of the unique nature of the situation. Can these findings even be applied to other soldiers behavior in other wars? The soldiers may have felt that since they were in a seemingly lawless country that there would be no repercussions. So therefore it may have been this unique situation only where this kind of behavior would be seen also as it can not be replicated it is not reliable. Dispositional factors can not be ruled out. To become a soldier you have to be a certain kind of person and have certain traits within that would relate to the job so the soldiers could have certain qualities within them that may have caused them to act in the way they did.

The Implementation Of The Localism Act Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

The Implementation Of The Localism Act - Essay Example In the United Kingdom, there is a remarkably high demand for social housing. Local authorities have had long waiting lists for individuals who intend to have access to social housing.2 Many individuals considered for social housing are those with a high vulnerability to becoming homeless. Therefore, the local authorities conduct reviews of all applicants and identify the situations of applicants that qualify them for accommodation.3 For many years, social housing has served to prevent homelessness in the United Kingdom. The introduction of the Localism Act allows local authority property owners to define new terms of fixed tenancies. Fixed tenancies offer the flexibility that defines the private rented sector.4 Opponents of the Localism Act have argued that the law will bring about positive changes, motivating individuals to take in for social housing to work hard and become homeowners. On the other hand, there are increasing critics who do not support the Localism Act, highlighting that it may present more cases of homelessness as well as anxieties and uncertainties of expiring fixed tenancies.5 This paper will critically analyse parliaments move to diminish the security of tenure of local authority tenants to the level provided by the privately rented sector. The emergence of social housing in the United Kingdom was a venture towards helping workers to upgrade from poor quality private rented homes to the remarkable housing at cheaper rates. Social housing began in the early 1970s, and it has exhibited remarkable growth to play a critical role in low-income families.6 The shift from providing accommodation to workers to a needs-based approach seeks to reduce homelessness. In 2014, social housing accounted for about 17% and 24% of the residential areas in England and Scotland respectively.

Short Easay 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Short Easay 3 - Essay Example HITDA – High Intensity Drug Trafficking Area is a criminal justice organization which works because of regular inputs from local, state and federal agencies. For a smooth functioning of HITDA it is very necessary that these different agencies cooperate with each other and that there is no conflict. The seeds of latent conflict are removed by formulation of a clear operational strategy by an executive board where each government agency has an equal representation. This reduces the instances of conflict as the director of HITDA focus on conflict management and resolution. Despite massive efforts in the field of conflict management, experts believe that conflict in criminal justice organization is a normal process and eliminating it is both unrealistic and counterproductive to the long term health of the organization. This is because a conflict can be a healing process where many issues are raised and solved where as in a no conflict scenario there can be a blind surrender to rules which can harm the human side of the organization. Most of the organizations want conformity over a long-tem period for this purpose they use different kinds of power. But none of these methods is the best when dealing with organizations. The appropriateness of the type of power depends upon the situation. For example, employing coercive method compliance among rank-and-file officers usually through strict rules and regulations is not satisfactory because the officers are averse to such strategies. Similarly legitimate, expert and charismatic power can lead to a situation of greater employee acceptance. While, coercive and reward base may lead to a dysfunctional effect. Hence, there is no one particular type of power that is

Simulation and design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Simulation and design - Essay Example The crucial aspect of the aspect is to emphasis the position of the audience. For a project to succeed, the outcomes will influence the decision. An accurate and detailed simulation model, eye grabbing data, and robust statistical analysis need to be delivered to the correct person. The paper therefore, creates the process simulation of a wiki. Wikis have great way in communicating and working on a project with other audience. First, it is important signing an account with Google before a wiki is created with the Google site. After creating the Google account, a create site button to begin creating the Wiki. Specify a term that describes the purpose of the wiki. We can make an engaging Wiki with a choice of themes. Google gives the option to share the Wiki publicly with people that we work with. Adding the members and collaborator in the Wiki is simple. Select the â€Å"Share Site† from the dropdown actions and input the email addresses of the collaborators. People can be invited to collaborate on the Wiki through email invitations. We can give varied permissions to every person who is invited to edit the Wiki. Many customization can be done with the Wiki. Begin by accessing the management editor by selecting the Manage Site menu. The site editor customises the theme, color, fonts, and site layout. The site background, font colors, image, and header can be changed by clicking the color and fonts. Keying in other Page parameters; Google sites are tightly integrated with variousGoogle products like spreadsheet, presentation, document, and Picasa. To start inserting the elements into the Wiki, start by clicking the button named Edit page or Create page. Click the insert button and select the Google product that is found favorable to incorporate into the Wiki (Banks, 2007). The good thing about the site is that the Google documents can be put into any site

Accounting Ethics Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Accounting Ethics - Term Paper Example Modern business world is facing serious problems from different ethical issues in accounting segment. Any kind of ethical problem related to accounting ethics can be the very serious issue for organizations. Here in this study, the problem statement is impacts of different financial fraudulent reporting. It is a very sensitive problem for all size business organizations. Each and every business organization maintains some accounting systems into their business activities. If any fraudulent activity has been indulging into those systems, and then total accounting system will give the false statement. It is very much detrimental to both organization and stakeholders. It is being noticed that due to some personal or narrow benefits accountants or auditors often include fraudulent activities into their accounting process. It is a huge ethical problem from the side of accountants or auditors. Fraudulent financial reporting has negative impacts on organization’s financial health. Or ganizations manage accounting for understanding their financial performances (Charles, 2008). On the basis of that, they fix their future courses of actions. But manipulated accounting prevents them to take proper strategic decisions. It is quite obvious that different strategies will be failure if financial reports are manipulated. It has very serious impact on the future of an organization. Every organization generates some employments. So, fraudulent financial reporting can be very much harmful to employees also.

Critque of Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Critque of Paper - Essay Example is vital, to prevent the escalation of the disorders, which is likely to cause more harm to the individuals themselves through self injury, as well as damaging actions to the wide society. The paper employs empirical research method of research. This is so because it applies an observation of the activities/operations taking place in various residential treatment facilities, in a comparison manner with the institution in question. The aim is to establish where it falls in this category of institution, based on its performance in residential treatment. The unit of analysis applied in this paper is the residential treatment program. The paper compares the success of different treatment programs. It also seeks to establish the relationship between the staff to patient ratio, and its impact on the performance of these institutions. The paper also tried to seek the relationship between the state licensing/certification of the staff, and the program performance. The aim was to know whether the certification affects performance, which was found to be unlikely. The type of data collected is nominal (Richard). This refers to that data that use names in establishing relationships. The paper is developed based on a set of treatment programs, compared per their performance. Ordinal data are also used in this paper. The treatment programs are ranked based on their percentage performance in patient treatment. Ratio data are also collected and used in this paper. There has been a computation of the staff to patient ratio. This is then applied to seek whether there is a relationship between this ratio and the program performance. The paper has applied various data collection tools. The rating scale is one of them, where the programs are rated in success percentage (Richard). Document review is also applied as a tool, since information regarding to staff and patient numbers are obtained from the programs’ documents. Institutional schedule is yet another tool employed. The paper

Ariel Dorfmans Death and the Maiden 40 lines analysis Essay Example for Free

Ariel Dorfmans Death and the Maiden 40 lines analysis Essay The following forty lines from Ariel Dorfmans Death and the Maiden (1990), take place in scene 1 of Act 3, after Roberto has been tied up by Paulina and threatened with being tortured the same way as she had been, and then shot. In response to Paulinaà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s threats, Roberto begins confessing the brutality of his actions and his motives. This confession may be true; however, Gerardo has advised Roberto to indulge Paulina, to confess as this would save his life. Whatever the case, the extract is important because it portrays how a man can slide into brutality, without initially meaning to. Second, the extract is important because it helps expose the iniquities of dictatorial military governments. Finally, it is also important because it gives us an idea of Robertos character and personality. In this extract we clearly see the stages by which a respectable doctor became a brutal sadistic torturer. Though Robertos brother told him that helping the torturers could be a way to pay the communists back for what they did to [his] dad, Roberto stresses that he accepted the job for humanitarian reasons. Firstly, he wanted to help the prisoners who were dying from the tortures as someone to help care for them, someone they could trust. Later on, however, Roberto became involved in more delicate operations and was asked to sit in on sessions where [his] role was to determine if the prisoners could take that much torture. This indicates that he was there while the prisoners were tortured, watching these brutal scenes. Roberto thought this was a way of saving peoples lives, as he ordered them to stop or the prisoner would die; however, watching brutalized him, and slowly the virtue [he] was feeling turned into excitement. Soon, brutalization took over [his] life and he began to truly like what [he] was doing, so much so that, from an observer, he became a participant. Torture became a game for him, a game that was partly morbid, partly scientific, as he tortured women to find out things like How much can this woman take? More than the other one? Hows her sex? Does her sex dry up when you put the current through her? Can she have an orgasm under those circumstances? By the end, Roberto had become a sadist totally obsessed with carry[ing] out all [his] fantasies of sexually torturing women who were entirely in his power, women with whom he could do whatever [he] want[ed]. So, stage by stage, we see in the example of Roberto how men can slide from positions of respectability and motives of kindness and compassion to becoming human monsters, men who delight in the sufferings of others. The tragedy of Robertoà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s slide from being a humanitarian to being a torturer is emphasized by the style of his speech, which reveals that he is an intelligent, educated, insightful man. Firstly we see how Robertos diction indicates his intelligence and level of education. Words such as brutalization and morbid, and phrases such as he lost his capacity for speech, humanitarian reasons and install a totalitarian dictatorship clearly manifest his ability to speak articulately and in a high register. We also see how analytically capable Roberto is, as he does not just describe his own actions but explains why they occurred, carefully dissecting his his motives for working with the torturers, not to pay the communists back but for humanitarian reasons. He can organize his account in clear, logical stages, with phrases like It was slowly, almost without realizing how, At first, But afterwards, By the time, I began to, and It became. Additionally, even in the circumstances in which he is giving this confession, in fear of his life, Roberto uses figurative language, suggesting that he has good rhetorical abilities. He uses euphemism, for example, in calling torture sessions delicate operations, and he uses metaphors when he refers to his brutalization as the mask of virtue fell off, and to his descent into sadistic torture as the swamp. So, we see how Robertos use of language clearly reveals his high level of education and intelligence, and this makes us even more horrified at how such a sophisticated man could have become a brutal torturer of women. More than exposing the degeneration of individual men, exemplified in Roberto, however, this extract also exposes the iniquities of military dictatorships, like the Pinochet regime in Chile, which Dorfman himself had to flee from. We see how military governments divided families: though Roberto became a doctor devoted to saving lives, his brother, determined to pay the communists back for what they did to [their] father, took another path, joining the military dictatorship and becoming a member of the secret services.à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ We also are given the impression of how military dictatorships can convince people to support them by manipulating their sufferings under previous governments, promising some kind of compensation, as Robertoà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s brother joined the dictatorship to pay the communists back for what they didà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ to his father à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½the day the peasants took over his land at Las Toltecas. Such governments also persuade people to support them, as Roberto did, by deceit and lies, getting Roberto involved in torture by saying the prisoners needed someone they could help care for them, but actually slowing criminalizing Roberto as a torturer. The fact that they have had such an enormous influence on Robertoà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s personality shows just how psychologically manipulative such regimes can be. Finally, the fact that, throughout his speech, Roberto refers to the government only as they evokes the way in which such governments work in the shadows, secretly and anonymously, to torture and terrorize. Thus this extract does not only show how Roberto and men like him deteriorate when they become involved in torture; it also shows how dictatorial regimes can manipulate such men, facilitating and enabling this deterioration to occur. In conclusion, this extract is very important as, whether Robertoà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s confession is true or feigned, it reveals how even the best of men may slide into such brutality and how military governments can create vile monsters out of exemplary human beings. Through the details of Robertoà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s confession, Dorfman is inviting his audience to consider how a man becomes sub-human. If a respectable doctor, a benefactor to the community, could turn into such a monster because of the effects of such a regime, then what would happen to the rest of society? Dorfman tries to make the reader consider that this incident that has turned Robertos life into a monster might happen to anybody in our society; especially in a switch of regime.